The vaccine pill is as effective as antibiotics | Tech Reddy

The researchers chose to target three peptides that sit almost exclusively on the surface of UPEC bacteria to minimize unintended side effects.

They then assembled the peptides into sublingual nanofiber peptide immunizations that could be delivered as drops under the tongue.

They found that the vaccine increased antibody responses in the mice and that the antibodies specifically bound to the pathogen UPEC.

“These researchers have developed a type of peptide nanofiber that can activate the immune system to treat and prevent certain UTI-causing bacteria,” noted Dr. Baum. “This agent dissolves in the mouth and can travel to the bladder, thus delivering the agent to the pathogen, and it is specific to the target pathogen.”

The researchers further found that when the vaccine was combined with an adjuvant – a substance that enhances the body’s immune response to the antigen – it led to an increase in urinary antibodies.

In addition, the researchers took stool samples from the vaccinated mice to understand whether the vaccine changed the gut microbiome. Examination of these samples showed that the vaccine did not alter the gut microbiome.

Finally, the researchers tested how well the vaccine would work against urosepsis. Sepsis is the body’s life-threatening response to infection, while urosepsis is a quarter of all sepsis cases.

The researchers found that the vaccination improved the symptoms of urosepsis in mice and improved their survival.

Researchers have acknowledged that cost-effectiveness is important for treating UTIs. Eliminating the need for cold chain storage can significantly reduce treatment costs and improve access.

This is how the researchers created it tablet versions and tested their vaccine in mice. In doing so, they found that sublingual tablet vaccines were similar to drip vaccines.

To further test the vaccine’s protective ability, the researchers administered a lethally high dose of the bacteria to mice. They noted an 80% survival rate among vaccinated mice, compared to 20% among non-immunized controls.

Subsequent tests in mice showed that the nanofiber vaccine was just as effective at preventing UTIs as high-dose oral antibiotics.

The researchers tested their next vaccine on rabbits because their oral cavity is more similar to humans. As in the mice, the vaccines raised antibody levels.

Finally, the researchers observed the melting behavior of the tablets in human saliva at body temperature.

They found that the tablets dissolved in less than 20 seconds, indicating that the tablets could be used in humans.

Asked how the vaccine works to prevent UTIs, Dr. Harry Mobley, a university distinguished professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Michigan, said he was not involved in the research. MNT:

“The vaccine is supposed to work by stimulating the production of antibodies that can bind to the surface [UPEC] and helps the immune system kill bacteria or engulf them into innate immune cells such as neutrophils to clear them.

Dr. Mobley praised the authors for including multiple proteins to cover different E.coli strains.

He noted that the antigens that researchers use to create their vaccines are “proteins on the surface of bacteria that appear during infection” and that these proteins “are involved in scavenging iron for the bacteria.”

Dr. Mobley went on to say that the vaccine is a “huge breakthrough” and that the nanofibers it uses will speed up its absorption and thus make its delivery more efficient.

When asked about the study’s limitations, Dr. Jennifer Linehan, a urologist and associate professor of urology and urologic oncology at the St. John’s Cancer Institute at St. John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, said she was not involved in the study. MNT:

“The most important and important limitation is that there have been no human studies to date to measure its effectiveness and potential side effects.”

Dr. Phillip Zimmern, professor of urology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, said he was not involved in the study. MNT:

“The authors are to be congratulated for taking on this much-needed clinical challenge.”

However, as Dr. Zimmern noted, the authors noted that their study was conducted with a known strain of UPEC. This strain was isolated from the blood and urine of a woman with an acute kidney infection, not from a person with recurrent UTI without kidney disease.

This is important because women with recurrent AIDS who take antibiotics daily have altered gut flora, are allergic to antibiotics, or have long-term resistance problems.

Dr. Zimmern added that future research could focus on understanding the microbiome of different organs.

“It is important to better understand our microbiome in the bladder and adjacent organs (vagina, bowel) and to better understand why some women do not develop urinary tract infections throughout their lives.”

– Dr. Phillip Zimmern, Professor of Urology